To evaluate the efficacy of the different vitamins supplementation for preventing the bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) of preterm infants. Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin supplementation for preventing BPD of preterm infants were searched in the databases，such as PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI and Wan fang. The RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were screened, and the qualities of the RCTs were evaluated by Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The efficacy of the different vitamins supplementation for preventing BPD of the preterm infants was analyzed and compared by Bayesian net meta-analysis. Results: A total of 21 RCTs, including 3188 preterm infants, were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with those of the infants in the placebo group, the medium-dose supplementation with vitamin D (400-800IU/d, OR=0.41, 95% Cl 0.18-0.90), and the low-dose supplementation with vitamin A (<1333IU/kg/d, OR=0.50, 95% Cl 0.25-0.95) of the infants were associated with their reduced incidence of BPD. The low-dose vitamin D supplementation (<400IU/d, OR=12.36, 95%, Cl 1.00-600.21) of the infants might be associated with their increased preterm mortality. The confidence intervals of the low-dose vitamin E supplementation (OR=0.59, 95%Cl 0.23-1.36) and the high-dose vitamin E supplementation (OR=0.74, 95%Cl 0.14-3.64) of the infants were wide, and both of which were not strongly associated with the prevention of BPD of the infants. Conclusion: In the vitamin supplementation programmes for the preterm infants, the medium-dose supplementation with vitamin D and the low-dose supplementation with vitamin A can effectively prevent their BPD, but the low-dose supplementation of vitamin D may increase the preterm mortality of the preterm infants, thus the vitamin D supplementation for the preterm infants should be given in appropriate doses. The effectiveness of vitamin E supplementation of the preterm infants for preventing their BPD has not been adequately demonstrated.