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Abstract To explore the fertility intention and the influencing factors of the birth of childbearing age women in Changzhou under the background of the new birth policy. Methods：Quotas and convenient sampling method were used to select 4500 women of childbearing age in Changzhou for inventory survey, and the valid questionnaires of 4426 (98.4%) respondents were analyzed. Results：The mean of the ideal number of children and the mean of the existing number of children of the respondents were 1.41±0.637 and 1.01±0.685. Adjusting for the confounding factors of definitely infertile, compared to that of the respondents aged 41-49 years old, the family planning of the respondents aged ≤25 years old was OR=48.849 (95%CI 14.336-166.453), the family planning of the respondents aged 26-30 years old was OR=52.416 (95%CI 16.152-170.100), the family planning of the respondents aged 31-35 years old was OR=31.525 (95%CI 9.657-102.910), and the family planning of the respondents aged 36-40 years old was OR=10.104 (95%CI 2.771-36.842). Compared to that of the respondents as the employees by the self employed/private, the family planning of the respondents with unemployed was OR=2.126 (95% CI 1.370-3.302), the family planning of the respondents with authority institutions/state owned enterprises was OR=1.572 (95% CI 1.056-2.338), and the family planning of the respondents as self employed/private business owners was OR=1.902 (95% CI 1.123-3.224). Compared to that of the respondents with one child, the family planning of the respondents without child was OR=4.872 (95% CI 3.198-7.423), the family planning of the respondents with two children was OR=0.203 (95% CI 0.117 0.353), and the family planning of the respondents with three children was OR=0.515 (95% CI 0.185-1.428). The age, the employment status, and the number of children of the respondents were the influencing factors of their family planning. Conclusion: The fertility intention of the women of childbearing age in Changzhou is low and the future fertility pattern of the women is not optimistic. It is suggested to increase the fertility subsidy, innovate the maternity leave model, improve the supporting welfare measures, strengthen the publicity and guidance, and create child-bearing friendly social atmosphere, so as to improve the fertility intention of the women of childbearing age really.
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