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Abstract Previous cesarean scar diverticulum of uterus refers to low echo triangle or caesarean scar defect or diverticulum of non-pregnant women with previous history of cesarean section examined by transvaginal ultrasound or sonohysterography. The cesarean scar diverticulum of uterus is a long-term complication after cesarean section, and the main pathological features of which are endometrial hyperemia, lymphocytes infiltration, and telangiectasia. Studies have shown that the changes in the quality of uterine mucus, the accumulation of uterine fluid, and the local chronic inflammation of diverticulum are the main mechanisms of reducing sperm quality and affecting embryo implantation. In recent years, with the adjustment of China's fertility policy, more women have reproductive requirement, and the fertility function of some infertility women caused by uterine scar diverticulum can recover after surgery. This article review the research progress on the influencing factors of uterine scar diverticulum formation, diagnosis, infertility related mechanism, treatment, evaluation of surgical effect, and timing of postoperative fertility.
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