To compare and analyze the curative effects and the rates of postoperative complications and recurrence of different timing of laparoscopic surgery for treating pelvic abscess after anti-infective therapy, and to provide reference for the optimal treatment options of pelvic abscess. Methods: The data of 89 patients with pelvic abscess from June 2018 to February 2021 were collected. These patients were divided into group A and group B. 47 patients in group A were given laparoscopic surgery of pelvic abscess after 3 days of anti-infective therapy, and 42 patients in group B were given laparoscopic surgery of pelvic abscess after 7 days of anti-infective therapy treatment. The anesthesia and surgical methods of the patients in the two groups were consistent, and the patients in the two groups were continuously given anti-infective therapy after operation. The surgery situation and hospitalization expenses of the patients in the two groups were recorded. The incidences of postoperative complications and recurrence of pelvic abscess of the patients in the two groups were counted. Results: The duration of operation, the time of temperature returned to normal, the time of temperature WBC value returned to normal, the exhaust time, and the total hospital stay time of the patients in group A were significantly shorter than those of the patients in group B, and the amount of intraoperative blood loss and the total hospitalization expenses of the patients in group A were significantly lower than those of the patients in group B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of postoperative complications, such as injury of peripheral organs (ureter, bladder, and intestine), pelvic pain, and incision infection, of the patients between the two groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rates of pelvic abscess (4.3%) and fallopian tube abscess (2.1%) of the patients in group A were significantly lower than those (19.1% and 14.3%) of the patients in group B during 6-12 months of outpatient followed up (P<0.05). Conclusion: laparoscopic surgery for treating pelvic abscess after 3 days of anti-infective treatment has exact curative effect and rapid recovery after operation, which does not increase the risk of complications and recurrence of pelvic abscess, and can control hospitalization cost effectively.