To explore of the effects of novel three-dimensional grid intrauterine device (3-DG IUD) with nickel- titanium (Ni-Ti) and silicone rubber used in rhesus macaques on their levels of sex steroid receptor and paired box 2 (PAX2) in uterus endometrum. Methods: 20 adult female rhesus macaques were divided three groups. 9 rhesus macaques inserted 3-DG IUD in group A and 9 rhesus macaques without inserted IUD in group B were caged together with male rhesus macaques (female: male = 1:1) from the 10th day after surgery. And 2 rhesus macaques without IUD inserted in control group were not caged together with male rhesus macaques. The abdominal ultrasound was examined to observe the pregnancy situation of the female macaques every month in group A and B, and the hysterectomy for endometrial histological examination and immunohistochemistry analysis of the female macaques in group A and B by the end of 3 and 12 months after surgery. Results: By the end of 12 months after surgery, 8 (8/9) macaques in group A were not pregnant, but (9/9) macaques in group B were pregnant. Histological examination showed that the endometrial epitheliums of the macaques in group A were intact, with only a few glandular vacuoles and a few neutrophil infiltration around 3-DG IUD. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression levels of ER, PR, and PAX2 in the endometrium of the macaques in group A by the end of 12 months after surgery had no significant changes compared with those of the macaques in control group. Conclusion: The 3-DG IUD used in female macaques has good contraceptive effect, and the expression levels of ER, PR, and PAX2 in the endometrium of the macaques have no significant changes after 3-DG IUD inserted.