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Abstract To investigate the effects of pulmonary surfactant (PS) combined with noninvasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) for treating preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) on the arterial blood gas indexes of the premature infants. Methods: 106 preterm infants with NRDS were selected and were randomly divided into control group and observation group (53 cases in each group) between August 2017 and August 2019. The infants in the control group were given PS combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), and the infants in the observation group were given PS combined with nHFOV. Arterial blood gas indexes at 1h, 12h, 24h, and 48h after ventilation, the treatment effect, and complications rate of the infants were compared between the two groups. Results: The values of PaO2 (88.92±12.52mmHg) and inhaled oxygen concentration (254.61±40.02) of the infants in the observation group at 24h after ventilation were significant higher than those (75.15±14.26mmHg and 229.26±39.23) of the infants in the control group. The PCO2 values of the infants in the observation group at 12h, 24h and 48h after ventilation were significant lower than those of the infants in the control group. The success rate of withdrawal (86.8%) of the infants in the observation group was significant higher than that (66.0%) of the infants in the control group (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the failure reason for withdraw of respirator, noninvasive respiratory support time, invasive respiratory support time, total oxygen use time, and total hospital stay, the incidences of complications, such as abdominal distension, air leak syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and retinopathy of prematurity, and mortality rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: PS combined with nHFOV can significantly improve the oxygenation of preterm infants with NRDS, can increase the rate of respirator withdraw without increasing the complications rate, which is better than that of nCPAP therapy.
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