Maternal and infant blood group incompatibility seriously threats the safety of fetuses and newborns, which main pathogenesis is the difference between fetal blood group and maternal blood group. Among all blood group incompatibility, maternal and infant Rh blood group incompatibility is the most serious. Therefore, the monitoring of the pregnant women with Rh negative blood type during pregnancy and the diagnosis of fetal Rh blood group have great significance for preventing and treating maternal and infant Rh blood group incompatibility and the neonatal hemolytic disease. This paper reviews the domestic and overseas articles about the commonly monitoring methods during pregnancy for maternal and infant Rh blood group incompatibility, which included the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound monitoring, blood flow monitoring of middle cerebral artery, blood group antibody monitoring during pregnancy, and amniotic fluid bilirubin testing, etc. Prenatal fetal blood type determination includes invasive and non-invasive methods. At present, non-invasive maternal peripheral blood high throughput sequencing to determine fetal Rh blood group has been widely carried out abroad to guide the management of the pregnant women with Rh negative blood type during pregnancy. The management of the pregnant women with maternal and infant blood group incompatibility should be strengthened, and the preventive treatment for them should be applied. Avoid unnecessary monitoring and preventive treatment for the pregnant women without maternal and infant blood group incompatibility for reducing their mental and economic burden. Treatment options for the pregnant women with maternal and infant blood group incompatibility include prenatal fetal intrauterine blood transfusion, and postnatal phototherapy and blood exchange therapy of newborns. Under the condition of full preparation, selecting the appropriate delivery time, contacting with hematology department and neonatology department, and interdisciplinary cooperation can guarantee the safety of mother and child and can improve the prognosis of newborns.