Objective: To explore the expression and clinical significance of Matriptase and HAI-1 in endometrial carcinoma tissue. Methods: The expression of Matriptase and HAI-1 in normal endometrium tissue, atypical hyperplasia tissue, and endometrial carcinoma tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the positive expression rate of Matriptase and HAI-1 and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The correlation between Matriptase and HAI-1 expression in endometrial carcinoma was analyzed. Results: The positive expression rate of Matriptase in normal endometrium tissue was lowest, and that in endometrial cancer tissue was highest (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of HAI-1 in normal endometrium tissue was highest, and that in endometrial cancer tissue was lowest (P<0.05). The percentage of Matriptase expression (+++) in endometrial cancer tissue was significant higher than that in normal endometrium tissue and atypical hyperplasia tissue (P<0.001), and the percentage of HAI-1 expression (+++) in endometrial cancer tissue was significant lower than that in normal endometrium tissue and atypical hyperplasia tissue (P<0.001). The proportion of HAI-1 expression (+++) in the dysplasia tissue was significant lower than that in the normal endometrium tissue (P<0.05). Compared with that tissue with hyperdifferentiation, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage I – II, Matriptase positive rate has increased significantly, HAI-1 positive rate had decreased significantly in tissue with hypodifferentiation , lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (P<0.05). Matriptase and HAI-1 positive rate had no statistical difference in tissue between clinical stage I and II, and between clinical stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P>0.05). There was no significant different in the Matriptase and HAI-1 positive rate between patients aged < 50 years old and patients aged equal to or more than 50 years old, and between patients with adenocarcinoma and patients with other type of pathological carcinoma (P>0.05). In endometrial cancer issue, the Matriptase positive expression was negatively correlated with HAI-1 positive expression (r=-0.485, P=0.008). Conclusion: The high expression of Matriptase and low expression of HAI-1 are related to the occurrence and development of endometrial carcinoma, which can be used as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker of endometrial cancer.