Abstract Objective: To investigate the correlation of the expression of serum tau protein and S100 protein to the nerve injury of premature. Methods: A total of 150 premature neonates with brain injury were enrolled into the observation group between April 2015 and May 2017, and further divided into group A (51 cases with mild brain injury), group B (55 cases with moderate brain injury), and group C (44 cases with severe brain injury). Another 57 normal full term neonates were enrolled into the control group during the same period. The levels of serum tau protein and S100 protein of all neonates were detected and recorded. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) scores of neonates were compared among the four groups. The relationship between serum tau protein and S100 protein levels and NBNA score was analyzed. Results: The levels of serum tau protein and S100 protein of neonates in the observation group were significant higher than those (5.58±1.48 and 0.38±0.13) of neonates in the control group. In the observation group, the levels of serum tau protein and S100 protein of neonates in group C (9.23±2.21 and 1.11±0.33) were the highest, and those (6.00±0.91 and 0.66±0.16) of neonates in group A were the lowest (P<0.05), and those of neonates in group B were 7.92±1.34 and 0.87±0.18. The NBNA scores of neonates on 7d, 14d, and 28d after birth in the observation group were 28.2±1.3, 31.4±1.7, and 33.6±3.1, respectively, which were significant lower than those (37.9±1.1, 31.4±1.7, and 39.7±3.5, respectively) of neonates in the control group (P< 0.05). The serum tau protein and S100 protein levels of neonates with brain injury were negatively correlated with their NBNA score (P<0.05), and had decreased significantly as neonates growing up (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression levels of serum tau and S100 protein of premature infants with brain injury are significantly increased, and the levels of serum tau and S100 protein are positively correlated with nerve injury degree, which can provide evidence for diagnosing and
predicting the prognosis of brain injury of premature infants.
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