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Abstract Objective: To assess the urban-rural difference of the newborn population quality in Jiangsu and to provide fundamental references for further studies on the development of urban-rural integration. Methods: The relevant surveillance data retrieved from the results of the eugenics project and parasite prevention/treatment project completed by Jiangsu Population and Family Planning Committee during the periods of the 10th, 11th and 12th National Five-Year Plans were used to analyze the urban-rural and/or regional difference. Results: There were significant urban-rural differences in growth characteristics (height and weight) of children aged 2 to 7 years and the incidence of perinatal birth defect (including congenital and genetic disease). Significant urban-rural or regional differences were also found in the intelligence development of children under age 6, the social-life function of children under age 7, the incidence of birth defect (including congenital and genetic diseases) of children under age 7, and the death rate of children under age 5. Conclusion: The surveillance-related results, that reflect the newborn population quality, could be helpful to establish valuable evaluation parameters for the urban-rural differences at population level during the urban-rural integration.
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